Jekyll and Hyde Contrast

Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde consists of reputation, good vs. evil and damage control. In other words, Utterson tirelessly works to prevent his good friend Dr. Jekyll from being dragged into the horrid affairs of Mr. Hyde, and Dr. Jekyll goes to the greatest of lengths to prevent his Hyde identity from being discovered, in order to avoid anyone knowing of his somewhat questionable scientific work and morally despicable behavior. Much of the novel is based on the characters reputations and how they have to maintain a good public image, as they are upper class people.The novel takes place in Victorian England and the main characters are all male members of upper class London. Enfield, Utterson, Lanyon and Jekyll are all aware of social expectations and the importance of appearance, Jekyll and Hyde shows a contrast of public vs private. Even in the first chapter, Enfield is wary of sharing his story of the mysterious door because he loves gossip, as it destroys reputations. In kind, Utterson refrains from informing the police that Jekyll is a close friend of Hyde's following the murder of Sir Danvers Carew.Rather, to maintain his friend's reputation and protect his public image, Utterson goes to Jekyll directly to discuss the matter. This issue also arises in the matter of physical appearances, particularly architecture. In the first chapter, we learn that Hyde's mysterious dwelling is run down, neglected, and shabby. In contrast, Jekyll's home is extremely well kept, majestic, rich, and beautiful. Ironically, we eventually learn that the mysterious door is in fact connected to Jekyll's home, it is a back entrance rarely used. Dr. Jekyll and Mr.Hyde is an examination of the duality of human nature, this is shown through the fact that Mr. Hyde is in fact Dr. Jekyll; the difference is that Hyde is formed through all the evil characteristics of Jekyll. Utterson's discovery of Jekyll's astounding work occurs in the final chapter of the novel. We have already witnessed Hyde' s powerfully vicious violence and have seen the contrasting kind, gentle, and honorable Dr. Jekyll. In approaching the novel's mystery, Utterson never imagines that Hyde and Jekyll are the same man, as he finds it impossible to believe their extremely different behavior.In pursuing his scientific experiments and validating his work, Jekyll claims, â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two. † So, in Jekyll's view, every soul contains elements of both good and evil, but one is always dominant. In Jekyll's case, his good side is dominant, but he knows there is evil inside of him, but at the end of the book his evil side becomes stronger and unstoppable. However, as a respectable member of society and an honorable Victorian gentleman, Jekyll cannot fulfill his evil desires. Thus, he works to develop a way to separate the two parts of his soul and free his evil characteristics.Unfortunately, rather than separating these forces of good and evil, Jekyll's potion only allows his pure ly evil side to gain strength. Jekyll is in fact a combination of good and evil, but Hyde is only pure evil, so there is never a way to strengthen or separate Jekyll's pure goodness. Without counterbalancing his evil identity, Jekyll allows Hyde to grow increasingly strong, and eventually take over entirely, perhaps entirely destroying all the pure goodness Jekyll ever had. The book portrays Hyde in like an animal; short, hairy, and like a troll with gnarled hands and a horrific face.In contrast, Jekyll is described in the most gentlemanly terms; tall, refined, polite and honorable, with long elegant fingers and a handsome appearance. So, perhaps Jekyll's experiment reduces his being to its most basic form, in which evil runs freely without his reputation as Jekyll being at risk. Jekyll and Hyde are not the only examples of duality in the novel. The city of London is also portrayed in contrasting terms, as both a foggy, dreary, nightmarish place, and a well kept, bustling center of commerce.Indeed, just as men have both positive and negative qualities, so does society. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde contains extremely violent scenes. In each instance, the culprit is Mr. Hyde, and the victim is an innocent. For example, in the first chapter we learn how Mr. Hyde literally trampled a young girl in the street and later on we learn that Hyde, unprovoked, mercilessly beat Sir Danvers Carew to death. Even worse, we find at the conclusion of the novel that Hyde thoroughly enjoyed committing this violence, and afterwards felt a rush of excitement and satisfaction.This shows the pure evil Hyde has that was mentioned before. Interestingly, Hyde's final victims, when he commits suicide just before Utterson and Poole break into his cabinet, are both himself and Jekyll. In this final act, neither victim is innocent. Clearly, Hyde is guilty of a great many crimes, and Jekyll is guilty as he created Hyde, let him run free, and inhabits the same body as the man. Perhaps in this conc lusion, Stevenson is suggesting that to those who promote and commit senseless violence, punishment will come.

The Seven Sacraments by Rogier van der Weyden: Early Northern Renaissance

Rogier van der Weyden was one of the foremost artists from the Netherlands. During the Renaissance, religious themes were prevalent. Europe, was predominantly Catholic and the Church was a huge patron of the art that was produced. Northern Europe was different from Italy, the center of Renaissance art, in that it was more ornate the art produced in this area eventually was known as Baroque. The painting The Seven Sacraments by van der Weyden is typical of the art produced in the area. The subjects of the painting The Seven Sacraments, painted in fourteen forty-five, are baptism, confirmation, and penance on the left; the Eucharist in the center; and ordination, marriage, and extreme unction are on the right. The Catholic Church believes in the seven sacraments while the Protestants believe in only baptism and marriage. The religious subject is what makes this painting characteristic of the artistic period of the Renaissance. However, it is typically Northern in that the colors are bright and vivid and they painting is extremely realistic. An example would be that the dying man in the right of the painting is realistic in his body. During this time artist studied the human body at great lengths so that they could produce it realistically. They even studied cadavers so that they would be familiar with the inner and outer elements of the body. The setting for The Seven Sacraments is a large open cathedral. The Crucifixion is displayed in the center while there are angels on each side. Christ is hung above the other figures to symbolize his dominance in the lives of mankind. The angels represent the ever present being sent from heaven. The wedding on the left is not only a literal sacrament, but it also symbolizes the union of Christ and the Church on the day that Christ returns. The dying man on the right symbolizes the guarantee that life will end and man will have to face the unknown. The Seven Sacraments by Rogier van der Weyden is a good example of the early Renaissance painting from Northern Europe. Weyden’s focus on emotion and grief made him the most famed painter of the time when he died. After his death, many artist went on to make the Renaissance the most popular period of art.

On Learning to Be an Indian

If you are going to choose between Simpatico and Rose, what will you choose? We know that Simpatico and Rose has its own identification and different structure but they also have similarities, they have stem, leaves and they are both flowers, right? It's like an Indian Culture and Philippine Culture, they have its own identification, different traditions and different cultures but they also have similarities on it. But first, did you know the difference of culture and tradition? What is culture? What is tradition?In India, praying at 5 o'clock in the morning and sang the hymns of the day at that time is their culture, it's like â€Å"Angelus† praying at 6 o'clock in the morning or 12 o'clock in the afternoon in the Catholics in the Philippine tradition; ash and smeared on forehead in Indian culture is like â€Å"Ash Wednesday' tradition in the Philippines; if you committed innumerable offenses like eating beef and other offenses, you may lost your right in both religion (Hind uism) and caste have similarities in Giggles in Crisis who are not allowed to eat â€Å"Dingus† and Muslims who are not allowed to eat eats (tradition in the Philippines); has hospitality to the visitors is also the same in Philippine culture; has a â€Å"betrothal ceremony' has a similarity in courting before the agreement to be married, in the Philippine culture; in Indian culture, the oldest woman in the house became the head of the family.Philippine culture, the father is the head of the family; in Indian culture, the bride must learn all the household chores, etc. S same of the culture of the Philippines but if you're rich and can afford servants or maids, the servants/maid will do the chores for you; And in India there was a prejudice not only against inter-caste marriages but against inter- community too but the Philippines doesn't have that type of culture, and I'm proud to say that, that we have a democratic country and we can do, choose what we want. It's seen that every culture has similarity to other culture/tradition of other country and some cultures or traditions have differences. Maybe the method of the culture or the way they do it makes it unique to others, and because of this uniqueness, the country may became famous and may influence other culture.

Is the thesis proved Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is the thesis proved - Essay Example Trumpener specifies that chemical warfare was in existence prior to world war one and that it is not the Germans that brought into existences, but instead they proved to the world that it is a force with which to reckon. (Trumpener, 1975) This is especially with the death of allied soldiers, who died immediately, and other who were left suffering after exposure to chlorine gas that was dispersed by wind. A similar case is brought forth with the French applying canisters that only caused temporary discomfort and few fatalities, as opposed to the case of the Germans. The French chemical warfare entailed application of gas to irritate the eyes and a choking sensation while the German one focused on the elimination of the allied enemy. In addition, the lethality of the French chemical warfare was not guaranteed as it used low doses and in small volumes in dispersal as opposed to the German gas. The German’s were intent on killing all their enemies hence releasing over 150 tons of chlorine gas against allied forces (Trumpener, 1975). The claims and complaints by the allied forces against the Germans; on the unfairness of gas use proves that this was the very first encounter with poison gas on a massive scale. The use of chemical warfare came under strong criticism as it was viewed as a foul move since the Germans gained no advantage after poisoning the allied forces. In addition, following the lack of preparation by the allied forces, who were considered well equipped in the war, further proves the introduction of chemical warfare. After the war in the 1919, there was increased activity as the article shows, on the production of poison gas and other agents of chemical warfare, where there was more research on the use of chemical weapons, especially on the German side. In addition, the use of chemical gas had been prohibited in 1899 in The Hague by the peace conference, which had limited

Illusions and disillusionment in A Passage to India Essay

Illusions and disillusionment in A Passage to India - Essay Example E.M. Forster in his A passage to India creates a world which is full of illusions. The characters cherish certain illusions in their life around which all their hopes lie. These illusions involve different social and religious myths. In this hostile universe faith is an illusion which is unsuccessful to solve the problems faced by modern man. Crews relates that in Forster’s novel â€Å" Romantic love, God’s love , and friendship are exposed as futile. Adela Quested cannot love. Mrs. Moore’s Clapham-style Christianity fails her. Aziz’ belief in friendship shatters† ( qtd in Koponen 39). Hence, the writer has knitted his story around the theme of disillusionment from the cherished beliefs and dreams. Loss of faith The novel’s pervasive theme seems to be loss of faith. Mrs. Moore’s disillusionment with her faith after the cave’s incident shows that the characters have been brought from the world of illusions to the world of disillu sionment where all faiths are exposed as hollow. The ambit of disillusionment encompass all religions including Christianity and Islam. The writer though has portrayed Hinduism with a bit of superiority, yet that faith has also left its disciples in a situation of skepticism .Mitra finds out the causes of writer’s obsession with the theme of â€Å" loss of faith† and traces its origin in the post world scenario which made the poets like T.S.Eliot show a disillusioned world sans religion and other human values. Forster according to Mitra, â€Å" was sensitive to the decline of spiritual values , the hatred that had crept into the people of different cultures and creed, the overall loss of faith† (66). Mrs. Moore experiences disillusionment after the incidence of Marabar caves where she realizes that echoes are not some Delphic response rather they are the offspring of â€Å" human consciousness† and they only respond when human mind/conscious projects† them. She gains the ultimate realization â€Å"that life never give us what we want at the moment we consider appropriate† (Forster 9). Similar instance of this realization occurs â€Å"when what the cosmic forces reflected was only the echo of what Aziz and Fielding projected† (Murtaza and Ali 267). The geographical setting also enhances the thematic content of the novel. On their way to caves the travelers experience â€Å" a spiritual silence which invaded more senses than the ear. Life went on as usual, but had no consequences, that is to say, sounds did not echo or thoughts develop. Everything seemed cut off at its root, and therefore infected with illusion† (Forster 60). Loss of faith is limited to the domain of religion. It is also experienced in social domains as well. Friendship Aziz’s concept of friendship amounts to a mythic belief in the holiness and strength of this bond and its power in bringing people close together. Aziz alludes to Frie nd â€Å"as a Persian expression of God†. Both Aziz and Mrs. Moore declare each other their friend. Though this friendship between and Indian and a British isolated Aziz from his own community. But even this friendship is â€Å"undermined by betrayal, often due to the disdain of the members of British Raj for Indians† (Koponen 41). The disillusionment comes when Aziz finds the hollowness of his illusions. The friend whose companionship Aziz boasted of did not bear â€Å" witness in his favor, nor visited him in prison† ( Koponen 41). The rulers and the rules could never be attached in the bond of friendship and the result is Aziz’ final cynicism in the fidelity of his friends for whose sake he has to suffer the ordeals of social stigma and jail. The initial illusory belief in friendship is now tinged with rationality

Financial impact on universal healthcare in the U.S Essay

Financial impact on universal healthcare in the U.S - Essay Example An interdisciplinary perspective is advocated in the modern healthcare provision, which encompasses more responsibilities. With the recent developments in the interactions that healthcare providers have with drug suppliers, financial and accounting regulations have been given emphasis than ever before. In what has evolved to be commonly known as Physicians-Industry Relations, it is clear that there are a number of risks that the healthcare practitioners might be exposed to regarding dealing with the pharmacy industry. In terms of the two industries interactions, it has been observed that several financial flaws have been happening in several healthcare settings. As a result, serious accounting and audit flaws that consequently emanate from the malpractice compromise the integrity of the healthcare professionals. Generally, the procurement of drugs for use in the healthcare facilities is conducted depending on the availability of the drugs as offered by pharmaceutical companies. Competition among drugs supplying companies has led to an environment where drugs salespeople and medical representatives for other pharmaceutical products are deployed to woo clients from the healthcare environment. In a competitive market, unfair business deals always find their way into the market in an attempt to keep off competitors. Among the major unprofessional practices that such deals apply is the bargaining element that forces salesmen to supply products at the expense of business fairness regulations. Supply of substandard healthcare products is often embarked on in order to win sales, which compromises the level of healthcare service delivered by healthcare professionals. It therefore implies that colluding is almost impossible to be avoided by healthcare facility management in order to benefit in certai n ways. Due to certain conflicts of interests between the suppliers and the healthcare professionals, loopholes in internal control standards

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technology - Essay Example Ideas such as the "bigger is better" now became meaningless. And this transform paved the way for the development of smaller, faster and more reliable machines. In its initial stages, the computer was distant from the American public. Most of the American thought that computers were a sort of alien systems for which they had no use in daily life. Computer developers tried to change that idea by making their systems smaller and easy to find. As a result of this approach, computer technology became well attached to the roots of the American lifestyle by the early eighties of the 21st century. Computers were now sufficiently developed and available to satisfy customer's requirements. Ideas for computer applications were also developed and introduced new banking, entertainment and shopping practices. The development of the integrated circuit in the early 1960's made possible the design and construction of affordable computers that were very accurate and were also small enough to be deployed in an office or a classroom. The video display terminal and the multi-tasking abilities of those new computers made them a popular choice. As a result, ATM machines were introduced for the first time. The early ATM machines were not dependent on a centralized computer network; however, their popularity was on the rise. By the early 1980's, the ATM security was increased, and the machine became a public necessity in the United States. The ATM machine began to appear in different shops and stores. And by the mid eighties, 40 percent of the customers completed about 50 percent of their banking transactions using ATMs. The video game development serves as the best example of how the American entertainment routine was transformed. Steve Russell's "space war" was the first such game developed in 1962. At that time, Russell was MIT graduate student. In his game, a spacecraft was represented by two dots. The dots were controlled by two separate switches. This game became very popular all over the United States, especially among students, and it makes the beginning of the video game industry. In early 1968, "Odyssey", the first home video game system was introduced by Ralph Baer. Crude graphic lines were created by deploying 40 diodes in the system. In 1972, The Odyssey system appeared in the market and thus opened the way for competition in the field. In the same year, Nolan Bushnell announced the foundation of Atari that created the first commercially flourishing coin-based "pong". This was a simple ping-pong video game where large number scores are possible. It was first displayed in California at a club in Sunnyvale. The public was amazed. In 1977, Atari decided to enter the video entertainment market after pong's astonishing success. Their experience was not initially successful, however, the VCS or video computer system designed by Atari sold about 15 million units and thus Atari was now one of the building blocks of the American home entertainment industry. In addition to the home systems, other public consoles were designed by the company and by early 1980's over a million such systems were spread over the entire country. The American lifestyle and video games were now integrated. Computer technology also transformed the music industry. Robert Moog, a Cornell University PhD student, created the first

What do the French, Italian and British economies tell us about the Essay

What do the French, Italian and British economies tell us about the extent to which there has been a convergence in the character of business systems across Europe - Essay Example The markets in Western Europe have been strong, active and stable for quite a long time.The countries in Central and Eastern Europe have to catch up. The introduction of Euros as common currency has already begun the gravitation process towards strengthening of the whole European market.The convergence in business systems across Europe has been the natural consequence of the European Union and its predecessors. There has never been a time in history when business convergence in Europe was as steadfast and purposeful as in the present. The factors responsible for this phenomenon are manifold. Some factors like the establishment of European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1959, followed by the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1961, and the current European Union (EU) are visible, and there are others such as the impact of globalization on Europe whose full impact have yet to be assessed holistically.Since the formation of the European Union, the European nations have diverted thei r resources and exports from the global market to the European market. Britain's example of trade shift from United States to the European Union is significant. Also, the effort to converge educational facilities in Europe is a welcome development. (European Convergence Reaches Higher Education).France, Italy and Britain are among the top and largest economies in the world. Over 50% of Britain's exports is now concentrated within EU. Also, in the cases of France and Italy, major business partners constitute the EU nations and USA. (Background Notes: France and Italy). In a broader context, the business systems the world over have converged significantly as a result of globalization and the effects of mergers and acquisitions. The markets in Western Europe have been strong, active and stable for quite a long time. However, the countries in Central and Eastern Europe have to catch up. The introduction of Euros as common currency has already begun the gravitation process towards strengthening of the whole European market. (Claire Smith). 3. Why Convergence The economies of Europe are laden with the twin responsibilities of addressing the needs of their own nation at home and also with their obligations to the EU. Agriculture, industry, economy, travel, methodologies, and every other aspect of the way things are done are traded within the EU as first preference. Moreover, innovation and advanced research are the key cornerstones. (President Chirac's wide-ranging interview). However, the industry has shifted focus on value more than competition in order to survive. Large corporations that were once avowed rivals merge or acquire the other. Behemoths like Corus were taken over by outside players like the Tatas of India. They read the clear message on the wall. Deliver or disappear! The market of the day is highly oriented towards value and innovations. The consumer has become extremely aware of the innovative nature of some industries like telecommunications and has high expectations. The telecom and information industries have done their bit by introducing new devices and schemes every now and then further whetting the consumer's

Compare and Contrast Integrated and Subjective Approach Essay

Compare and Contrast Integrated and Subjective Approach - Essay Example And the UK is no different. Thus, it is only fair that the builders of the future societies of any nation are well looked after, especially in the area of primary education not only by the parents, but also by the schoolteachers, principals, and other related authorities. In the context of National Curriculum, Primary National Strategy and Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation Stage, the scope of this essay is to ponder upon, and make an attempt to answer the following questions: It now becomes fairly apparent that things concerning educational matters are not to be trivialized and deserve serious attention by the concerned people. It is for this reason that the education building mechanism in places of learning is selected and processed very methodically and scientifically. The National Curriculum was introduced into England, Wales and Northern Island and as a national curriculum for primary and secondary state schools after the Education Reform Act 1988, which makes sure that the state schools of all Local Education Authorities are following a common curriculum. The subjects that are compulsorily taught are divided into two key stages, key stage 1(age 5-7) and key stage 2 (age 7-11). All students at Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 2 are required to study (Wikipedia, 2006): Mathematics Science History Geography Art and Design Music Design Technology Physical Education Sex education, in some schools. Personal, Social and Health Education (PSHE). ICT The Primary National Strategy The Secretary of State launched Excellence and Enjoyment - A Strategy for Primary Schools on May 20th, 2003. It declares the vision for the future of primary education and would be useful for a sector where high standards are obtained through an exciting curriculum, which develops children in a range of ways. Important points in the vision included the need to make curriculum innovative by the primary schools, encouraging schools to network together and learning to share and develop good pra ctice, the Government acting as a catalyst by empowering teaching leadership and providing opportunities for children to have a whole range of learning experiences ( The Standards Site- Primary, n.d.) . The Subjective and the Integrated - based Curriculum Subject-based Curriculum, as indicated by the name itself, assumes that there is supposed to be one expert teacher or 'specialist' for one subject. The particular expert in that area handles all the issues with regards to that subject. For example, a physics teacher would typically handle and be responsible for all questions regarding physics only, and would not deviate from the main subject at all. The teacher would not look into other subjects like math, chemistry, etc nor would approach or consult teachers of other subjects. This approach thus, assumes that teachers of a particular subject are to handle their specialized subjects alone, and are not supposed to know and teach about other subjects.

The Modified Market Economy Essay Example for Free

The Modified Market Economy Essay What is a modified market economy? What factors have been responsible for the emergence of this kind of economic system? How do governments influence economic decision making in such systems? Use Australian examples to illustrate your answer. A modified market economy is a market economy in which there are varying amounts of intervention and property ownership by the government. The Australian economy would be classed as a modified market, as we have a certain degree of government intervention, and this is something we should feel lucky for in our country, because due to this we are able to experience the free, fair lifestyle which we enjoy. The emergence of this kind of economy is mainly due to weaknesses in the market economy which, with out regulation, becomes an economy mainly concentrated on the wealthy people. The basic reason for the modified market economy is that the free market does not produce an efficient allocation of resources, and that the free market does not distribute output in a socially desirable way. For example in a modified market, the government regulate the flow a income a bit so that not only the rich make money. In a market economy the rich get richer and the poor get poorer as there is no regulation in terms of income distribution. The intervention by the government, in forms such as social security nets, which is present in a modified market, makes society more evenly spread rather than everyone being one of two things, that is, very rich, or very poor. In such economies as these, the government influence economic decision making much to our advantage in terms of them providing many of the resources needed to satisfy collective wants, making restrictions upon what can and can not be done, in the interests of our health, the environment, impacts upon society etc. Through this they regulate much of the possible ?bad economic decisions that could be made. The Australian government does place some limitations on freedom of  enterprise, but generally encourages private business activity as it is an advantage to our whole economic growth in terms of employment etc. The Australian government also encourages the idea of fair competition. To keep the consumer choice less restrictive the government might not allow certain take overs that may limit the number of choices available to the consumer. Competitive prices that come from businesses are also good for the economy in general, for example if an Australian owned company, such as Uncle Tobys, can provide the same food as an American owned company at a competitive price, then consumers will tend to buy from the Australian company which keeps more our money in our country. Basically, the government intervention in economies such as ours, is all done to benefit our economy as a whole, to help even the distribution of income, to provide resource to help satisfy our unending collective wants. It is all done in an effort to make our countrys economy as efficient and all round satisfying, as possible. To make our country a prosperous and enjoyable place to live.

Feminist Movement 1960s

Feminist Movement 1960s The Women Movement has been divided into three phases by the feminist experts. Each phase dealt with different issues regarding to females. In the First Wave of Feminism, the movement started from the 18th century which lasted in the beginning of the 20th century. The hurdles of inequality such as property rights and voting rights were the major concerns. Virginia Woolf is the founder of the ideas of this first wave of movement. The first wave completely paid attention to the idea and rights of suffrage. The Second Wave of Womens Movement which is also known as Feminist Movement or the Liberation movement of women in the USA began during the early years of 1960s and lasted throughout the late 1980s. Simone de Beauvoir is allied with the idea of this wave. The second wave of feminism focused on the issues of gender inequality, sexuality, workplace, family and reproductive rights. This wave argued that women have to face the political as well personal tyranny in a society which is male dominant. (Barbara Sinclair, 1983) The womens movement in the 1960s emphasized on attaining freedom in terms of reproductive and sexual. The demands are women specific like centers for rape crisis, birth control options, very reasonably priced child care, emphasis on womens health and other needs of women. This movement resulted in creation of municipal Rape Treatment Center Act, 1974 by which in all city hospitals, rape treatment centers established. This movement also challenged the abortion law in Illinois where abortions were illegal by law by creating an organization named Jane. Other goals of these movements were the equality in terms of economics from 1960 onwards. This movement emphasized on gender equality unlike earlier movements which were aimed for legislation only. Another organization was formed for the rights of women in 1974 name The Coalition of Labor Union Women with the targets like maternity leave, pension benefits deduction and other rights like biased insurance rates and provided access to women who were never before on union level. Women which were already working in Chicago fought hiring and biasness for jobs. The period from 1917 to 1960s had two world wars and an economic boom because of which many women came into Workplace. During the war, women served as labor and then they started working to achieve and maintain the new higher and better living standards which were enjoyed only by middle class families. When women joined the workplace, they soon realized the discriminated behavior towards them in terms of unequal economic and social status. Many movements such as Civil Rights act and student movements were at its peak during the years of 1960s. The women adopted and followed the practices of these movements. They adopted the different methods of awareness raising, demonstrations, protests, and political lobbying to bring in front their own agenda. National Organization for Women (NOW) was established in 1966 which was an official group to represent and fight for the issues and problems of women. This new group of women was not instant success of them but by the end of second years of its creation growing to its members up to the mark of 1035 and was divided by ideological partitions. The founders of NOW began working on the legislation that could improve the living of the women and they also forced the politicians to become aware of the problems of the women. This group worked out six factors which are considered to be essential for womens equality with men which includes the abiding of laws by employers for equal opportunity employment and end the discrimination, equivalent and isolate education as of men. The other factors were maternity leaves, tax deductions and training to poor women while on job. At the same time many other organizations started to establish for the welfare of the women. The two factors on which NOW face d serious problems were Equal Rights Amendment to the US Constitution which makes sure the equivalent rights regardless of gender and the demand of contraception and abortion. United Auto Workers which was supporting NOW with the office space took out its support because the ERA law will prohibit freedom for women. When some of the NOW members called to revoke the abortion amendments, many other members left NOW. NOW was struggling to re-establish itself as a national organization for women for the period of two years. There were other groups formed due to this blow to NOW by female antiwar, civil rights and members who left NOW due to refusal to readdressing the womens concerns. Women during 1960s period were demoralized by unequal treatment. In 1964 at Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC) conference a womans resolution was presented, Stokely Carmichael who was Black Nationalism in United States cut off all the debate with the argument that the only place for women in SNCC is prone. NOW aimed on womens rights, the new radical groups emerged with wider themes of womens freedom and spread in Chicago, Toronto, Seattle, Detroit and other places and towns. Although these radical groups structure was not strong as NOW has its national structure. In no time, womens liberation movement was wide spread and can be observed every where. Liberation movement had no officers nor offices, no addresses and no printed agenda to present their point of view. Miss America Pageant presented the image of womanhood during the protest at Atlantic City and New Jersey in 1968. Redstockings which is one of the feminist radical groups published The Bitch Manifesto based in New York City in 1969. In 1969, NOW called the congress to unite women in which was aimed to unite the radical and moderate wings of the womens movement which was almost impossible task. NOW leaders were aimed to have a reform while the radical groups were aimed to revolution. In 1975, the National Agenda of Women the comprehensive program of legal and political reforms- was presented to the president Gerald Ford, all state governors and all the members of the Congress. Subsequently, in 1977 an action plan was presented to the government official in National Womens Conference in Houston to remind them about the feminine constitution which is their responsibility. National Womens Political Caucus and National Organization for Women keep focusing and pressurizing the politicians and legislators and making prominent of womens issues on media. The legal success of the movements were the Affirmative action, Title IX and Women Education Equity Act, The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974), the act of Pregnancy Discrimination (1978), the illegalization of marital rape and legalization of no fault divorce in all states. Beside all these victories, the change of social attitudes in favor of female is considered the biggest victory of the womens movement. The year of 1980 is the decline of the second wave of feminine movement. During the early 1980s, it was thought that females have achieved all of their demanded goals. In 1982, the Equal Right Act (ERA) was failed, because only three states did not approve this. The second wave of womens movement was successful except the ERA. (Flora Davis, 1999) Pros and Cons Despite of problems faced by Womens movement due to its leadership and ranks, the movement attained some goals in a very short time. Due to support of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1965, women in US got jobs in every corner of US and the employees which have decimation histories are required to provide the durations in which they increase the women strength in their companies. Some laws including Divorce laws were relaxed; ensuring that employers can not fire the pregnant women from jobs and some new study programs for women are introduced in universities and colleges. In 1972, Congress passed an amendment in the Higher Education Act which ensured that there must be no discrimination on the bases of gender in educational programs which are getting federal financial helps and also ensured that there must be same space for womens in all male schools. ERA amendments in the US laws including state sodomy laws, existence of single sex bathrooms in public places, legalization of same-sex marriage and relationship and making abortion as a legal right funded by the taxpayer fund. This law required 38 states which were not achieved as expected and amendment fell short of three states support. There was a growing sense that womens movement goals are already achieved. NOW sustained its new role in new millennium by struggling for womens rights including equality in military and federal funding for child care programs and to prevent any violence against womens of US. Despite of its popularity and its membership and funding growth, its activism fragmented and burdened with opposition. In sum, the second wave of womens movement was very successful for the welfare and in status up gradation of women. It has many successes and the only failure is the ERA. In the Third Wave of Feminism started in 1990s and present till today. This movement started in result of the perceived failures of the second wave of Feminism. The Equal Rights amendment is still in question and in progress which was supported by second and third wave movement leaders.

The Advantages Of Myeg Service Providers Information Technology Essay

The Advantages Of Myeg Service Providers Information Technology Essay as government service provider, they provides some services to public such as provides e-services from government department an agencies, example, JPJ (Road Transportation  Department) on driving licenses and road tax renewal with insurances. They are also provides services for PDRM (Royal  Malaysia  Police Department) with payment of Summons and inquiry, MyEG also includes with Department of Insolvency where public can notes on liquidation search and bankruptcy. In certain cities, such as Kuala Lumpur City Council (DBKL) on payment, compound inquiry, and assessment and some of government department, state  registration  office (JPN) for identification card (myKad) replacement services, and Immigration Department of  Malaysia on renewal of foreign worker and maids. MyEG service provider also provides services to semi-government department such as Tenaga Nasional and Telekom Malaysia on bill payment and inquiry. Road Tax Renewal and Auto Insurance To attract public attentions, MyEG is giving discounts for Insurance and Road Tax of 30%. Besides that, MyEG agents will send the road tax to house, without service of charge, absolute free. Once being chosen as MyEG VIP Customer, you can always call MyEG customer service and will give the customer individual support in customer vehicle (Malaysian registered vehicle with JPJ) problems. This would include assistance in making any insurance claims, providing assistance to request for discounts in any JPJ or PDRM summons. The customer will also get benefits of VIP member promotions and privileges from time to time. During the renewal process, Road Transportation  Department (JPJ) online service will check any outstanding summons and blacklist records at both JPJ and PDRM database systems. In order to proceed with this renewal, it is necessary for you to settle all traffic offences recorded. The advantage of having online road tax renewal through access to the internet; it helps to com plete customers renewal comfortably at home or at the office. This service is time saving, hassle free, accessible and cost effective at any time. Many customer still doubt about online tax renewal, MyEG, it is safe and secure. The online Road Tax Renewal through MyEG Services Berhads website has been audited, verified and approved by Road Transportation  Department (JPJ) and Government. The Government has given the authorization for MyEG Services to provide the online renewal services. Every successful transaction will be issued with e-Services receipt. PDRM Summons PDRM (Royal  Malaysia  Police Department) has provides us free PDRM Alert service which will alert customer if they had any summons in the future. Normally, you may not receive any notice that you have been issued a summons until after a one month of grace period. Through this free service, we will inform you on any summons you may have via email. Once the transactions complete, the online summons payment will be processed within 48 hours from the time of the payment was made then only the summons is cleared. MyEG also provide the customer to view summons for free of charge even for behalf of other people. Every summons is being updated daily by PDRM. Payment/ transactions concept Credit cards A  credit card  is a miniature electronic  synthetic  card issued to customer as a payment system. It allows the customer to buy merchandise and services based on the customers usage agreement while purchasing merchandise and services. The credit card concept is to allow the customer to pay or borrow money for transactions to a merchant as advance cash to the customers. When a purchase is made, the credit card user agrees to pay the card issuer. The cardholder indicates consent to pay by entering a.  personal identification number  (PIN) or by signing a  proof of payment  with a record of the card details and indicating the amount to be paid. Financial Process Exchange (FPX) Financial Process Exchange (FPX) s a payment channel that allows you to make payment via online real-time through your current or savings account. All you need is an Internet banking account with any of FPX participating banks. It is simple, convenient and secure. E-cash MyEG is also allow their user to have e-cash transactions. It is just require the user to load some credit into MyEG account. The reality of E-cash is only slightly more complicated, and these complications make the transactions both secure and private. E-cash truly globalizes the economy, since the user can download money into his cyber-wallet in any currency desired. A merchant can accept any currency and convert it to local currency when the cyber cash is uploaded to the bank account. To the extent a user wants E-cash off-line all that is necessary is smart card technology. The money is loaded onto the smartcard, and special electronic wallets are used to offload the money onto other smartcards or directly to an on-line system. Smartcards have been used successful in other countries for such transactions as phone calls for a number of years. The money could also be removed from a smartcard and returned to a bank account. Visa is developing a related product, the stored value card. This card comes in a variety of denominations, but functions more like a debit card than E-cash. In essence, E-cash combines the benefits of other transaction mediums. Thus, it is similar to debit/credit cards, but E-cash allows individuals to conduct transactions with each other. It is similar to personal checks, but it is feasible for very small transactions. While it appears superior to other forms, E-cash will not completely replace paper currency. Use of E-cash will require special hardware, and while most people will have access, not all will. However, E-cash presents special challenges for the existing middlemen of the current paper currency society. More and more, banks and other financial intermediaries will serve simply as storehouses for money, lenders, and processing/verifying electronic transactions. Personal interaction with a teller or even visits to a bank ATM will become obsolete. Disadvantages Even there is advantages on MyEG website, there is also has certain disadvantages. For many recent the customer has to call MyEG helpdesk, to get more information on how to solve the problem faced in MyEG website. MyEG website has also provides some solutions for the user to solve problem while doing transaction through online. The following are some of disadvantages. Payment rejected According to MyEG website, the customers frequently face the problem when making transactions whereas the payment gets rejected. There are few reasons where the payment gets rejected such as credit card problem or system error. The credit card may not work cause of due to credit card status. If the problems with system error cause by broken or time run out because server cannot be reach. It can also reason as the system is at fault to disruption of network or the entire system. Connection error The reason of connection error fault is also occur every time where the user gets blank page or error message forbidden 404. When this problem occurs, the customer has to call helpdesk for assistance to continue transactions. Thus is due to system intermittence error. Sometimes the system is at fault due to disruption of network or the entire system Online fault Many of customer complaint on MyEG website that it is load slow. The reason is the server system facing heavy loads of traffic on the network or the entire system. Sometimes, the user gets an error message Connection is closed by server. This may happen because MyEG server may be down or maintenance works on. Updating Many of customer use MyEG website to pay their summons with Road Transportation Department (JPJ) and Royal Police Department (PDRM). They prefer to do so because it is ease and not to queue at payment tolls of each department. Because of updating, certain customer facing problem where the summonses taken down, the summonses from JPJ and PDRM will be on website for 2 weeks only from the date of the offence. If the summonses are not paid within this 2-week period, JPJ and PDRM will take down the summonses and you need to go to JPJ and PDRM counters to pay summonses. Payment concept Although MyEG provides the electronic payment concept, not all the services allow the same way to make payment. For example, My Card replacement has only one options of payment, credit cards. MyCard services MyEG also provides MyCard identification card service such as replacement or damage. This service, the customer still needs to go to the department for thumbprint and identification. The service is not very convenient to public because their still need to go to take at department counter to collect their identification card even after online transaction completed.

Poetry appreciation of Death of a naturalist Essay -- English Literatu

Poetry appreciation of Death of a naturalist This poem ‘Death of a Naturalist’ by Seamus Heaney is about the lifecycle of frogs and a child’s interest in nature. As the child grows up he looses interest in all aspects of nature. It is as if ‘Death of a Naturalist’ was referring to the loss of innocence of the child and the love of nature he once had died inside him. Not only that, he now has respect for nature but not necessarily disliking it; nor loving it either. The atmosphere of the first stanza is quite positive. A phrase such as ‘There were dragon-flies, spotted butterflies,’ suggests a happy mood and refers to pleasant memories to Heaney as a child. Diction such as the ‘warm thick slobber’ indicates to me the child-likeness theme of this poem. Which proves that it is from an adult’s perspective looking back at his childhood. Heaney has done this by using the ‘child-like’ vocabulary as well as a more complex and mature tone to the poem. He has done this so that we as the reader can recognise the difference of the fascination of a child and a simpler explanation of things from an adult. For example as the first stanza draws to a close we learn that by frogs we can tell the weather ‘For they were yellow in the sun and brown/in rain.’ This is the typical child learning something new in school, and then assuming they know it all. From that I get the image of the child telling its mother ‘mum did you know†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Where as an adult would dismiss it as merely a fact. By the second stanza the poem takes a rather dark turn. All the positivity in the first stanza has been replaced with a sinister and morbid tone. The beginning of the stanza ‘ Then one hot day†¦fields were rank’ suggests the dramatic change in ... ...ts changed and I realised that the poem was not all about frogs. It was a case of reading between the lines. Heaney’s overall message fascinated me and urged me to delve more into the subject of ‘loss of innocence’. Which set me on a train of thought. One thing in particular that made the poem more enjoyable for myself was Heaney’s flair for style. The way in which he concentrates on the onomatopoeia in the poem is very effective. As I had not previously read any other of Heaney’s poems this immediately drew my attention. Another thing I liked was the images he created in my mind. One of those images were (in the second stanza); a battlefield where the child is on one side and the frogs are his opposition and the frogs are invading the land-similar to a war scenario. Therefore I would highly recommend this poet simply for Heaney’s unique style of writing.

Essay --

In a patriarchal society that enforces the construction of heterosexual citizenship we are policed to follow normative discourses and structures that regulate social policies encouraging heteronormative behavior. Dominant ideologies of sexuality thus regulate and normalize social policies that create this second-class status for LGBT people. Those who fail to comply with conventional male and female behaviors are forced to live on the margins of society, excluding them from social, legal and economic rewards forcing homosexual individuals to live a life where they are required to constantly defend their sexual loyalties. The following essay will be used to discuss the challenges to normative constructions of sexuality by dismantling the naturalization of heterosexuality in analyzing the binary of heteronormativity with the use of the song ‘Same Love’ by hip-hop artist Macklemore. Heterosexuality is a political institution, which disempowers women and men by taking away their right to citizenship. Rapper Macklemore’s track provides a social commentary for the discussion of homosexual love in todays mainstream music. By expressing his support towards the sanction of gay marriage he is challenging normative sexuality, and spreading awareness towards a now-present social issue. By analyzing the song, music video and live Grammy performance it is clear LGBT communities break down taboos by rejecting this idea of a compulsory lifestyle. Using the work and writing of Lord, Ingraham and Concannon this paper will explore the relationship between citizenship, sexual identity and social exclusion. â€Å"The Silencing of Sexuality† by author Cassandra Lord focuses on the negative response society places on homosexuality. The concept of living a... ...owards heteronormativity. What people refer to, as normal human behavior doesn’t necessarily apply to everyone. However, due to conservative traditional and religious beliefs, the integration of homosexuals in society is often met with resistance. It can therefore be said that societal conservative tendencies have led to the intolerance of homosexuality therefore causing the inequality of LGBT men and women. In order to challenge normative constructions on sexuality one must first acknowledge that discrimination is still evident and continues to be a reason behind socio-political exclusion. The operations behind social policies cause oppression and isolation, and only re-thinking our approach in delivering new policies can hopefully one day meet the needs for a diverse lifestyle or in the words of Macklemore â€Å"It's human rights for everybody, there is no difference!†

Street Crime

Street crimes are commonplace in Pakistan. Almost everyone has a story to tell about having a purse or a wallet stolen; everyday street crimes appear in the news headlines. They usually only occur in the big cities, where there are homeless street-people. An analysis of the official data compiled by the Citizens-Police Liaison Committee (CPLC) reveals that, on an average, 124 mobile phones are snatched/stolen every day. In the preceding year, the figure had stood at 76.The growing trend of cellphone snatching and theft in Karachi reflects the failure of the police in containing the crime. Despite the IMEI mechanism having been activated to get the handsets jammed by the concerned cellular companies, there has been a little or no improvement in the overall situation. The major causes are unemployment and illiteracy but there are some other factors too like lawlessness, fundamentalism, backwardness and double standards prevailing in the society.The government should take steps to contr ol these street crimes in Pakistan to make Pakistan a peaceful country – STREET CRIME the increase of street crimes. Daily we hear of murders, robberies and rapes. These are categorized as â€Å"street crimes†. Some crimes are senseless and preventable. Mobile phone snatching, car (autos) snatching on gun point, purse snatching from women and target killing are also street crimes that are newly introduced.The main reasons of these crimes are unemployment, illiteracy, poverty and inability of the institutions, responsible to maintain law and order. Government must take preventive measures as early as possible otherwise they will take the whole society in grip of street crimes. In the first instance, sincere steps must be taken to solve the unemployment problem,. Existing education system provide incentives to poor people and training of police department on modern scientific lines.

No Lift Policy

The given scenario has provided a clear perspective to the correct attitude and compliance ability of the nurses to the ‘no lift’ policy of The Area of Health Services. The complaint has a certain gravity of issue to address but analyzing the situation further may lead to a conclusive approach whether the nurses have actually done the right thing or not. The ‘no lift’ policy was designed to prevent and reduce nurses' injuries when lifting or moving patients (Morieson, 2000). As stated in the complaint of the relative, Mrs. McDonald was forced to lift herself up in bed. This phrase may lead to a conclusion that the patient is actually capable of doing the act without any assistance from the nursing staff. She is at least aware of her capability to do a minimal procedure by herself. Although the core service for a nurse is to provide assistance, there are some restrictions that are implemented to benefit both the staff and the patient. Apparently, there is a motion on the nursing profession that provides a chance for the patients to be more independent. This will eventually permit the individual to carry his tasks for self fulfillment. The complaint also stated that the two nurses were negligent of the patient. This may seem to be the case for the relative but the staff actually had the good attitude of complying with the regulations of the ‘no lift’ policy. They have provided a rather complementary act by protecting their own health as well as giving opportunities for Mrs. McDonald to eventually start rehabilitating herself. As a matter of fact, if they had neglected the ‘no lift’ policy just to satisfy the relative’s impressions, they might have been subject to a very high risk of injury. This is one good example on how competent a nurse can be. A professional acts in accordance with own competency level and recognized standards of enrolled nursing practice (ANMC). There is another consideration that should be realized regarding the nurses’ manner in the situation. They have attempted to assist Mrs. McDonald in the most effective way by helping her climb up in bed without lifting her. The patient was able to receive sustainable assistance by guiding her body and gently holding her up to the correct position. This somehow shows that the nurses were still aware what was happening and that made them consider implementing the correct nursing practice enveloped in the nursing practice policy. In a bigger picture, the nurses did the most appropriate approach by not lifting Mrs. McDonald. They were just following a simple rule for the benefit of both parties involved, the patient and themselves. However, the submission of a complaint could have been avoided if there was a complete transparent communication between the nurse and the relative. As stated in the nurse code of ethics, the nurse has a responsibility to inform people about the nursing care that is available to them, and people are entitled morally to accept or reject such care (ANMC, 1993). In this case, it would have been ideal to inform the relative about the ‘no lift’ policy for mutual understanding. Moreover, the nurses should have at least questioned Mrs. McDonald if she actually is capable to lift herself independently. This affirmation may have provided a different perception on the side of the relative since it is the patient’s own judgment about her capability that is of great importance. The complete cooperation of Mrs. McDonald and the nurses should have been the most effective factor to avoid this kind of complaint scenario. References: ANMC. 1993. Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council. Retrieved May 18, 2007 from http://www.anmc.org.au/docs/ANMC_Professional_Conduct.pdf. ANMC. National Competency Standards for the Enrolled Nurse. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council. Retrieved May 18, 2007 from http://www.cshisc.com.au/docs/upload/ANMC%20competencies%20for%20the%20Enrolled%20Nurse.pdf. Morieson, B. 2000. Australian Nursing Federation. Retrieved May 18, 2007 from http://www.anfvic.asn.au/media_releases/010622.html.

The topic of reducing cycle time

Chapter IILiterature ReviewThis chapter reviews old research and theories that cite the subject of cut downing rhythm clip, which is relevant to tilt constructs and simulation. The subject of this chapter are below.Product rhythm clip bettermentPrinciples of thinSimulation ModelingReview literatureResearch Frame workIn the past, most research focused on the development of dispatching and releasing regulations to better rhythm clip. With less limitation on the equipment, batch size decrease would be another alternate to shorten rhythm clip which considered apparatus clip and capacity restraints to work out the batch size job. Some constructs use thin fabrication to extinguish waste and non-value-added clip. Some bookmans used simulation methods to make the rhythm clip analysis by uniting simulation and computing machine algorithms to seek for the batch size for each single merchandise in a multi-product environment. Most of the past surveies sing batch size concentrated on traditional fabrication environments, with fixed demands and production rates. The primary end of this model was to minimise the entire production rhythm clip.2.1 Product rhythm clip bettermentCycle clip decrease involves placing and implementing more efficient ways to make things. Reducing rhythm clip requires extinguishing or cut downing non-value-added activities, which is defined as any activities that do non add value to the merchandise. Examples of non-value-added activities in which rhythm clip can be reduced or eliminated include fix due to defects, machine set-up, review and agenda holds. Explained by Kivenko ( 1994 )1.2.1 The component of fabricating lead clip can be farther divided into:Queue clip before processing.Put up clip.Run ( treating ) clip.Waiting clip after processing.Move clip.There is an of import follow-on consequence to cut downing the frequence of set-ups. Just as presenting computing machine integrated fabricating removes operator engagement and operator accomplishments wasting ( Coble and Bohn, 1997 ) , diminishing set-up frequence drives set-up proficiency down. The danger is an of all time downward spiral of cut downing set-up frequence and increasing batch size. Even when the operator component is reduced or replaced in â€Å" flexible † fabricating systems, the public presentation is in some instances worse than the manual system. Rather than bring forthing more assortment of lower v olume, these systems frequently produce less assortment of higher volume ( Meyer, 1993 ) . That is to state, set-up clip is reduced and batch size increased. ( Youngman, 2003 )2.1.2 BottleneckA constriction is the resource that constrains or limits the end product of the overall operating unit. In a line flow procedure design, the constriction is the procedure phase with the highest rhythm clip. In a occupation store or batch procedure design, the constriction can be more hard to place. Certain pieces of equipment and/or specific people may be used at multiple procedure phases. ( Prasad, 1995 )2.1.3 BATCH SIZEPage ( 2003 ) explained â€Å" batch † is the term usually used for the measure of a peculiar merchandise to be made all in one spell. An full batch of work might take several yearss to finish. Traditionally, this would affect the batch traveling through one operation at a clip, and it would n't be allowed to travel to the following operation until the full batch measure had gone through the current phase of processing. The batch is kept together like this to let the inspector a opportunity to compare the constituents from the beginning, center and terminal of the batch to specification all at the same clip. It is easy to maintain WIP on procedure. Schragenhein and Dettmer ( 2000 ) said that increasing batch size affects work-in-process stock list degrees, fabricating lead clip, local and planetary safety clip issues, and finished goods stock degrees by increasing them. Increased batch size affects quality and throughput by diminishing them. However, good thought-out alterations to critical batch sizes can enormously alter these parametric quantities within a procedure. It does so non by rushing up machine or procedure clip, but by cut downing idle clip when work sits on the workshop floor ( or office desk, or computing machine difficult disc ) between procedure points after cut down batch size found that smaller batches can travel much faster. Batch size issues at a formal degree have tended to be treated as a trade-off analysis or optimisation between set-up or ordination costs, storage and retention costs, and stock out costs ( Jaber and Bonner, 1996 ) . The attendant optimum batch size is known as the Economic Order Quantity or EOQ. ( Trigeiro, Thomas and Jo, 1989 ) . However, while most everyone knows about Economic Order Quantity, really few people of all time bother to cipher it. There is a far more cardinal driver to batch size. The cardinal driver is cut downing â€Å" non-productive † set-up clip, and maximising â€Å" productive † processing or machine clip. There are normally really strong measuring inducements – timesheets – which cause workshop floor forces to minimise set-up clip and maximise procedure clip. The easiest manner to make this is to diminish the frequence of set-ups by increasing the batch size. There is, nevertheless, another more elusive and less frequently expressed driver at work every bit good. ( Spearman, 1996 ) Some considerations when taking the figure for batch size: Koskela ( 1992 )If the figure is excessively big, the sum of queue infinite taken up on both terminals of the nexus becomes inordinate. Messages take up queue infinite when they are non committed, and can non be removed from waiting lines until they are committed.If there is likely to be a steady flow of messages, you can better the public presentation of a channel by increasing the batch size. However, this has the negative consequence of increasing restart times, and really big batches may besides impact public presentation.If message flow features indicate that messages arrive intermittently, a batch size of 1 with a comparatively big disconnect clip interval may supply better public presentation.Even though liable messages on a fast channel do non wait for a sync point, they do lend to the batch-size count.Thin rules can be used to better productiveness driven by workers, based on their cognition of the work and equipment , with the end of increasing value added work ( Holly and Gaskins, 2004 )2.1.4 Cycle clip is linked to other facets of ThinContinuous betterment leads to step betterments in rhythm clip one time takt times come down for all stairss.Standardized work is a cardinal to doing rhythm clip work on the floor.2.2 Principles of LeanLean was started at Toyota because they wanted a clear definition of client value. It acknowledges that all value is created by some procedure. Therefore, Lean can develop procedures that are waste or â€Å" muda † is defined by Shoichio Toyoda, laminitis of Toyota, as â€Å" anything other than the minimal sum of equipment, stuffs, parts, infinite and worker ‘s clip which are perfectly indispensable to add value to the merchandise. † Lean is a methodological analysis that is used to increase velocity and cut down the cost of any procedure by extinguishing waste. A Thin enterprise is to give a simple manner of understanding the impact of attemp ts through be aftering betterment activities, look intoing the consequences and doing appropriate accommodations. In add-on, Lean tools aid to find the fiscal impact of betterments such as increasing stock list bends, cut downing work-in-process and cut downing changeover clip. ( Ohno, 1990 ) The Toyota Production System ( TPS ) identifies seven signifiers of waste in fabrication, which Ohno calls â€Å" The Seven Deadly Wastes. † The wastes can be classified as follows:Overproduction: doing more than neededInventory: material puting around ( frequently a symptom of another waste )Defects: Time spent repairing defects, including defect that get thrown off and the clip make the merchandise rightWaiting: Waiting clip for making something..Over processing: devising to a higher quality criterion than expected by the client.Transportation system: extra moving of stuff.Gesture: inefficient people motion.Thin Manufacturing is an operational scheme oriented toward accomplishing the shortest possible rhythm clip by extinguishing waste. It is derived from the Toyota Production System and its cardinal push is to increase the value-added work by extinguishing waste and cut downing incidental work. The technique frequently decreases the clip between a client order and cargo, an d it is designed to radically better profitableness, client satisfaction, throughput clip, and employee morale. ( Michael and Kentaro, 1998 )2.2.1 Features of a Leans procedureThe features of Lean procedure aid to flux of procedure run every bit continuously as possible with a rapid rhythm clip. The precise description of each work station activity stipulating rhythm clip, take-time, the work sequence of specific undertakings, and the minimal stock list of parts on manus needed to carry on the activity ( Stenzel, 2007 ) . The features of thin procedures are:Make to orderSingle-piece productionJust-In-Time materials/pull programmingShort rhythm timesQuick conversionContinuous flow work cellsCompressed infiniteMulti-skilled employeesHigh first-pass outputs with major decreases in defects2.2.2 Thin toolsThin fabrication tools can decide many jobs in production lines. In This chapter we will concentrate on thin tools that concern this survey by utilizing standard work and rapid conversion.2.2.2.1 Standard Work: DefinitionThe definition of standard work was explained by Jeff Hajek ( 2009 ) a common term given to any aggregation of clip value. The format of the information is as tabular arraies or worksheets. The informations can be utilized in concurrence with deliberate rhythm clip but can non make up one's mind the operating parametric quantities for a works supplying a thin fabrication environment. Standard Work has three chief constituents:It is balanced to the takt clip.It specifies standard work-in-p rocess ( WIP ) .It defines the sequence of operations for a individual operator.The precise description of each work activity stipulating rhythm clip, undertaking clip, the work sequence of specific undertakings, and the minimal stock list of parts on manus needed to carry on the activity. Henry Ford said that â€Å" If you think of standardisation as the best that you know today, but which is to be improved tomorrow – you get someplace. But if you think of criterions as confining, so advancement Michigans. † Somnath Kundu ( 2008 ) studied the application of design mechanization to cut down rhythm clip of hydro turbine design. Because of the rapid growing in the demand for electricity and increased recognition hazards in the fiscal markets, there is a strong concern deriver? To cut down the design to committee rhythm clip of procedure. The first measure that is of import is standardisation. The key to success for any design mechanization undertaking is standardisation: The standardisation of the merchandise construction and design pattern and automatizing the same has given the user an border over its rivals. Front Line Professionals ( 2001 ) : said that Standardized work is one of the most powerful thin tools. Professionals that do the work on the floor can frequently outdo papers the current best patterns. Establishing standardised work relies on Roll uping and entering informations as it really happens. Such standardised patterns serve as the baseline for kaizen or uninterrupted betterment. As the criterion is improved, the new criterion becomes the baseline for farther betterments, and so on. Standardizing the work adds subject to the civilization, an component that is often neglected but indispensable for thin transmutation. Standardized work besides supports audits, promotes job resolution, and involves squad members in developing safety guards ( poka-yokes ) . All of the standardisation attempts need to be surrounded and embedded in the civilization of the thin organisation.2.2.2.2 Takt clip: DefinitionTakt Time comes from a German word ‘takt ‘ significance beat. The definition of Take clip was explained by Jon Miller ( 2003 ) is a 1 of the cardinal rules in a Thin Enterprise. Takt Time sets the ‘beat ‘ of the organisation in synch with client demand. Takt Time balances the work load of assorted r esources and identifies constrictions. Takt Time is a simple construct, yet counter-intuitive, and frequently baffled with rhythm clip or machine velocity. In order for fabricating cells and assembly lines to be designed and built Lean, a thorough apprehension of Takt Time is required. Takt Time is used to fit the gait of work to the mean gait of client demand. Takt is non a figure that can be measured and is non to be mistaken with rhythm clip, which is the clip it takes to finish one undertaking. Cycle clip may be less than, more than, or equal to Takt Time. The expression for Takt clip is: Takt clip = Net Available Time per Day Customer Demand per Day2.2.2.3 Rapid alteration overtimeSMED ( individual minute exchange of dice ) is a theory and tools set of techniques that make it possible to put up or alteration overtime equipment. Change overtime is the clip from when the last goods item/piece comes off a machine or out of a measure until the first good item/piece of the following service/product is made. Changeover clip includes set up, warm up, test tally, accommodation, first-piece review, etc. Changeover Time is the sum of clip it takes to alter over equipment/programs/ files/documents from the terminal of the old measure to the beginning of the current measure. Changeover is the sum of Set-up clip and Run-up clip. Changeover can be the clip and do the difference between a good merchandise and a good merchandise at the right velocity. If can cut down alteration overtime, can cut down rhythm clip of procedure as good. Jaikumar ( 1986 ) while Dave ( 1996 ) need to cut down machinery alteration overtime because have two biggest wastes are overrun and WIP waiting lines. There is one â€Å" existent † issue that must be overcome in order to greatly cut down batch size without increasing cost. The constituent of alteration overtime following list:Internal apparatus takt that can be performed merely while the machine is shut down.External set up takt that can be performed while the machine is running2.2.2.4 Effectss of alteration overtime DecreaseBatch size can be reduced.Aid to cut down stock list.Increase the capacity on constriction equipment.Aid to extinguish the apparatus bit2.2.3 Traditional V. Thin FabricationA cardinal difference in Thin Manufacturing is that it is based on the construct that can be driven by existent client demand. Alternatively of bring forthing what you hope to sell ; Lean Manufacturing can bring forth what your client wants with shorter lead times. Alternatively of forcing merchandise to market, it ‘s pulled at that place through a system that ‘s set up to rapidly react to client demand.2.2.3 Traditional V. Thin FabricationA cardinal difference in Thin Manufacturing is that it is based on the construct that production can and should be driven by existent client demand. Alternatively of bring forthing what you hope to sell ; Lean Manufacturing can bring forth what your client wants with shorter lead times. Alternatively of forcing merchandise to market, it ‘s pulled at that place through a system that ‘s set up to rapidly react to client demand.2.3 Simulation ModelingSimulation is the dynamic representation of a existent system by a computing machine theoretical account which behaves in the same mode as the system itself. In the fabrication industry, simulation represents the dynamic fabrication procedure in the computing machine theoretical account, and shows diagrammatically and over fake clip the effects of a possible scenario to back up the decision-making procedure . Bielunska and Gun ( 2002 ) .A conventional information flow of fabricating simulation is shown in Figure 2-4. Manufacturing simulation converts the elaborate operational informations into the direction information. It enables assorted scenarios to be tested without big investing on puting up a pilot line or interrupting the production. It eliminates the common job in fabricating industry: constrictions2.3.1 Application Areas of Manufacturing Simulation.In the fabrication companies, directors and applied scientists are able to measure the public presentation of fabricating procedure under several different sets of status to place the proper layout and operational policy. That can lend to accomplish better production public presentation such as high throughput, short lead clip, low work-in-process ( WIP ) , and high resource use. Case of the application of fabricating simulation by the current users are:Implementing new fabrication constructImperfect design from the debut of this construct can do the production end product decrease ; nevertheless, the possible jobs can be identified by simulat ion. The re-layout undertaking of National Semiconductor Malaysia studied in one procedure Tung, Wang and Sun ( 1995 ) by utilizing simulation is the good case. Before application of new layout, the kineticss of simulation benefit indentified the possible jobs, helped the affecting section to understand the procedure of new layout, and saved 5 % on the capital investing. Bettering bing procedure; the bing procedure demand to be adapted to manage the new demand when new merchandises are launched or demand pattern becomes different from the yesteryear. Simulation is really effectual to analyze the impact of alteration to smooth the alteration. Motorola Malaysia was reported the economy to be US $ 250,000 equivalent of capacity addition within one twelvemonth after the company usage simulation to analyze the merchandise mix and batch size to better the apparatus clip and machine aid clip Yong ( 1994 ) . Reducing Work-In-Process ( WIP ); a high WIP is frequently built because of unexpected dislocations, taking to a high stock list cost, slow stuff flow, and inflexible merchandise mix. Simulation is used to analyse the sensitiveness of WIP degrees. Flextronics Singapore used simulation to analyze the most economical manner to cut down WIP and the consequence reported at more than 50 % decrease, significantly improved others company public presentation such as stock list, bringing public presentation Chang and Kum ( 1994 ) . Merchandise timing: Simulation is superb for make up one's minding the order lading sequence and operation timing. It was arranged a systematic direction to the merchandise store degree. It is easy to happen this simulation on a day-to-day footing to bring forth timing instructions to the operations of PCB Manufacturing CIMTEX ( 1994 ) at Digital Singapore. These besides greatly reduced WIP and stabilized operations.2.3.2 Core propensity construct and SimulationTo set up the direction acquisition by following a description of how simulation is being usage since it increasing larning perceptual experience. Along prognostic simulation tilting theoretical account. Learning period is greatly reduced and eliminates waste. Majority companies have been utilizing simulation to happen solution to making value or merchandise betterment procedure. Simulator procedure created an thought tool for developing alternate procedure scenarios to help the public presentation of current operation ineffic iencies. Furthermore, the function theoretical account to extinguish through the atilt execution.2.4 Review of related surveies.2.5 Researching Model Work:The nucleus constructs of the theoretical account are a type of intermediate theory that attempt to link to all facet of enquiry ( e.g. , job probe, intent, literature reappraisal, methodological analysis informations aggregation and analysis ) . This theoretical account is able to make the maps that give coherency to empirical enquiry. Due to the theoretical accounts are possible similarity to empirical enquiry, they take different signifiers depending upon the research inquiry or job in figure 2-5.2.5.1 The constituent of the rhythm clip determination elements:Processing clip: timing that the thing is being worked on by an operation. To analyzing this affair earnestly by utilizing tool ; a stop watch from camera – following unit being processed by one operator – all the manner through the procedure ( or sub-process ) .Waiting clip: timing between sub-process that the thing gets shuffled around or sits around waiting for person to work on it. Equally good as cognizing â€Å" Waiting & A ; Transportation Time † or â€Å" Inventory/Transpiration Time. In this instance have consequence from waiting clip in each work station and wait clip of portion of auto theoretical account.Change overtime ; the sum of clip takes to alter over the devising or plan from the terminal to old measure to the current measure. If you have to takes ever will consequence with entire rhythm clip.Since a batch size of one has been unpracticed the end is in improve productiveness sporadically. The finally reduces stock list carry costs, work in advancement, and rhythm clip. Besides this enabling the company operates productively at lower borders.2.5.2 The significance of component of the finding in rhythm clip decrease.Productiveness: From analyzing shown manner to better productiveness by cut down rhythm clip in o rder to protect loss sale, cut down cost in fabrication and increase client satisfaction.A cost incurred by a concern when it is unable to make full an order and must finish it subsequently. A back order cost can be distinct, as in the cost to replace a specific piece of stock list, or intangible, such as the effects of hapless client service.On clip deliver: one of the ground why is company demand to cut down rhythm clip. The existent measuring will be the per centum of units you produce that run into your client ‘s deadline. Is n't it interesting that it has to make with the client ‘s deadline.In this chapter, the research worker has discussed relevant constructs in rhythm clip decrease by usage simulation to optimal batch size every bit good as suggesting the construct model for this research undertaking. In the following chapter, the research worker will explicate the methodological attack this undertaking.

National Artist Award Controversy Essay

The National Artist Award is one of the prestigious awards given to people who are considered as national artists for their contribution in the different field of arts. It is the highest state of recognition given to Filipino artists. Just recently, this year’s awarding was full of controversies and issues that left the people questioning if the awardees deserved the recognition given. Among the seven awardees of this year’s National Artist are; Manuel Urbano a. . a Manuel Conde for Film and Broadcast, Lazaro Francisco for Literature, Federico Aguilar Alcuz for Visual Arts, Painting, Sculpture and Mixed Media, Cecilla Guidote-Alvarez for Theater, Magno Jose â€Å"Carlo† Caparas for Visual Arts and Film, Francisco Manosa for Architecture , and Jose â€Å"Pitoy† Moreno for Fashion Design. Two of the seven awardees were questioned by the critics and the public namely Cecilla Guidote-Alvarez and Magno Jose â€Å"Carlo† Caparas. The selection of the two awardees was tainted by politics that the critics protested and demanded for further investigation on President Arroyo’s choice. To consider that Cecillia Guidote- Alvares is the executive director of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and administers the award together with the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP). She also heads the NCCA secretariat that receives nominations for the national artists. The recognition given to her was debated and questioned by the critics and her eligibility as well. The guidelines for the nomination process states that NCCA and CCP board members, consultants, officers, and staffs are automatically disqualified from the nomination. On the other hand, the recognition of Magno Jose â€Å"Carlo† Caparas as national artist was also questioned. His nomination was rejected twice by the NCCA panels. He was first proposed as a nominee for literature and was rejected. And again as a nominee for visual arts and was again rejected. His two rejections from the nomination gave doubt to the critics and the public if there has been any foul play. Another reason of the critic’s fury over the choice of the two awardees is they are known to be vocal supporters of the President. The palace remained firm on their decision to the recognition given to the awardees. â€Å"We respect the views of others but we stand by the list and we say it was a product of a thorough process and we stand by the qualifications qualities track record and reputation of those named as National Artists,† quoted by Acting Executive Secretary and Presidential political adviser Gabriel Claudio. It is very depressing to hear such controversies and issues regarding the National Artist awards. What counts most is not the recognition but the credibility of the artist that is chosen. Some would say that it was biased and for political agenda. Some would say that there was a foul play. We all have different views on this issue. We are entitled to express our criticisms and opinions and stand by what we strongly believe. I do not take any sides on this issue. All I can do is express what I think and believe. It is very tiring to hear that all the things that are happening around us are tainted by politics. What we see and what we hear always gives us doubt and we find it hard to believe, for we cannot tell who is telling the truth. Giving recognition to the Filipino artists is a tribute for their contribution to the Filipino arts and culture. What makes it more rewarding is to know that you are not recognized for your achievements; rather you are recognized for what you did and for what you contributed. And that makes it worth the award.

What are the health implications of binge drinking for younger people Essay

What are the health implications of binge drinking for younger people aged 15-25 - Essay Example According to the UK Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit evidence, patterns of binge drinking have lead to an increased toll of 22,000 premature deaths costing the country  £20 billion a year; health problems; alcohol related disorders and injuries. Alcohol related illness and injury costs the NHS up to  £1.7 billion annually. The Government’s Strategy Unit research also shows that alcohol related crime, assaults and disorders are incurring a further cost of  £7.3 billion annually (BBC News, online: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3121440.stm). From these facts and figures from the Government’s Strategy Unit, it is apparent that a study on binge drinking is worthwhile. â€Å"The report also points out that up to 40% of mens drinking sessions now technically qualifies as binge drinking as defined by the Governments sensible drinking guidelines. That means men drinking in excess of the equivalent of four pints of beer (three for women) or eight measures of spirits (six for women) often in short periods of time. Over a typical Saturday night out one can see them drinking three or four times the recommended guidelines. The consequences of drinking will differ from individual to individual and many people understand bingeing to mean deliberately drinking to excess. But on the other hand, this evidence suggests that many may be causing themselves potentially serious harm† (Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit, online: http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/strategy/news/press_releases/2003/030919.asp). In this dissertation, the researcher will specifically look into the health implications of this phenomenon for young binge drinkers. As I will become a staff nurse in about eight months, I may come across young adults who have intoxicated themselves with alcohol and may end up in Accident and Emergency or worse on a liver ward as a result of sustained damage to their liver as a result of excessive binge drinking.

Entertainment in Antarctica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Entertainment in Antarctica - Essay Example This detail ensures that scientists and workers actually look forward to their leisure time after completing a hard day’s work. The general public is not aware of what goes on day to day at the Antarctic and how important entertainment is to these workers state of mind. Since it is such a barren continent there is not much interest to know about life on Antarctica from the general public. Scientifically Antarctica is very popular. Entertainment on Antarctica and its importance to the workers is a very interesting and illuminating topic. Throughout my discussion I will discuss and breakdown the foundation for entertainment amongst the inhabitants in Antarctica. This will be divided into four section; basics of time, seasons and weather, scientific study and job performance, psychology of inhabitants and importance of entertainment, and the available activities. An individual living in Antarctica can describe the season as follows, cold and colder. Seasons do not progress like the rest of the world due to the extreme weather conditions. Winter runs from April to October and summer April to August (this is an overlapping time frame, you need to fix this, summer cannot be in the middle of winter!). Temperatures vary depending on wind chill factor. Summer temperatures ranges from 40 degrees below zero to 36 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit. Winter temperatures vary from 150 degrees below zero to 40 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit. Four months out of the year consist of 24 hours of darkness. Another four months have 24 hours of daylight and the remaining months have a mixture of day and night. (Antarctica Online, 2006). Antarctica has been occupied since 1951, housing scientists in various fields. They study the wonders and mysteries of the extreme climate (List a couple of the current research fields) (Antarctica Online, 2006). Besides scientist there are many other occupations needed to make the station function on a day to day basis. The life on the

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Research Proposal Example ng adults spent a lot of time on the social media and can be described as dabbing to virtual life as a result of websites like Facebook, Google plus, twitter Instagram and many others. The number of users of these websites continues to increase and their popularity is increasing as well. While it is an indication of the increased application of technological methods in communication, the number of hours that people are spending on these sites continues to increase as well. Although the communication can be productive and impact a positive change on someone, the misuse of the sites quickly becomes habitual and is thereby described as an addiction. It causes the users to value social media more than anything else. The study of social media addiction of people can provide analysis of many elements which affect people seal life as a result of the social media usage. This study will focus on the effects of addiction to the social media and not just its use. The usage of social media is a topic which has been widely studied due to the relevance of the social media in the modern times. It is extremely difficult for individuals to fail to utilize a social media site in the modern times due to their popularity. Increased usage has, however, been described as leading to addiction just like any other content which is addictive (Coyne, Padilla-Walker, & Howard, 2013). While the users commonly encounter various problems which include bullying and other related cybercrimes, addiction to these sites presents a daunting challenge to the people in the real life. Social media addiction poses a threat to the self-esteem of an individuals as it makes them lack confidence in real life (Twenge, 2013). This makes the users to look towards outwards acceptance of self-esteem rather than building confidence from within. The mental health of users has also been a factor that could be influenced by the addiction of individuals to the social media. Individuals have been observed to

Planning (Local Development Framework) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Planning (Local Development Framework) - Essay Example Local Development Framework (LDF)- This is essentially a folder of documents outlining the spatial planning development strategy of a local area. These are prepared by the district councils, unitary authorities and local park authorities. LDF and RSS together shall shape the development planning system in a community. One key aspect of the new system is the role of local community involvement in the plan making process. The Local Development Framework (LDF) will include several Development Plan Documents (DPDs) and a number of Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs). The Development Plan Documents, along with the Mayor of London's London Plan, Development Plan and will be the basis upon which all planning decisions are made. The main DPDs in LDF are as follows: Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) - this document sets out how and when the communities and local stakeholders will participate in the revision of local planning documents as well as consideration of planning applications. The most important benefit of SCI would be "front loading" which basically means that communities get the opportunity to participate in planning process and make a difference at the very beginning of each document development. Ready access to information, active contribution from the stakeholders and regular feedback make it vibrant. Essentially SCI addresses the following : Local Development SIssues on which the community involvement is being sought-The entire range of local development documents on which community shall be involved. Methodology of community involvement- The process of receiving and spreading of information, policy and plan development procedures and feedback process. Who to involve- To ensure that even those groups who do not get involved in planning process are involved so that the participation is truly broad based. Annual Monitoring Report- Assessment report of the progress and effectiveness of an LDF submitted to the government by a local planning authority. It will include critical analysis of the following: Achievement of objectives as per the policies especially delivery of sustainable development. Consequences of the policies as intended or not. Relevance of objectives and assumptions behind the policies. Achievement of targets as set out in LDF Range of local and standard (Core output) indicators. Recommendation on adjustment to local development scheme if needed. Local Development Scheme- This is the scheme of the local development documents (LDDs) which will be produced giving their time and order of production. It is the threshold for the community and local stakeholders to know: about the planning polices of the authority for a particular place or an issue. status of those policies details and timetable for production of all the documents which comprise Local Development Framework over a three year time period. Other optional documents may include Supplementary Planning Documents (which explain the LDDs or add details to them) and Local Development Orders (which extend permitted rights for a particular form of development) or Simplified Development Zones (Areas where growth needs to be stimulated by granting waiver of planning fees or the need for a formal application) It was found that the existing documents were too detailed and complicated for the general public to understand. These actually hampered public participation rather than encourage it. In order to address these issues and to educate & inform general

Helping out Older People who do not have Children Essay

Helping out Older People who do not have Children - Essay Example These old people need a lot of support and giving them the support makes them happy and they get to enjoy life to the full just like they used to enjoy when they were young. Doing this work brings a lot of joy and memories into their world, and satisfaction and happiness in mine. Â  When people grow old the need for long-term care certainly grows. The longer they (old people) live, the more likely they fall prey to chronic diseases. This works gives me the opportunity and honor to help the needy in one way or another and ensuring that they do not lack anything in their lives that I can afford to give especially company. Â  Watching old people struggle to make ends meet hence making out a living in the cruel world made me volunteer into helping them. Some of these old people had children who died and others had no chance of having any more of them. Helping the old people feels great as they are a bunch of blessings to many. Being an old person who does not have children brings a lot of happiness to them as they take you to be as their own child. They need constant care because many people have neglected them and do not want to be associated with them. They are either left on their own or thrown away in the streets. This leaves them in a bad situation and many of them if they fail to get the care they die due to stress or chronic diseases. Â  The benefits of helping out the old people are many. The benefits are to the caregiver and the person who is being taken care of.

GCC Common Currency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GCC Common Currency - Essay Example a unified economic system having a unified currency will do much to stabilize this situation for them and the oil importing market (Al-Jasser & Al-Hamidy 116). The requisites for establishing a unified currency area necessitates the free movement of national goods, labour and capital across borders within the area, greatly enhancing trade among the member countries. Full customs union, a precursor to trade liberalization, is expected to increase inter-GCC trade to 20% in 2015 and 25% in 2020 (Kawach). CON: There presently exists a great disparity in the size of the economy of Saudi Arabia as compared to the other member countries, so there should be a more careful and gradual integration of movements of resources so as not to cause destabilization among the smaller economies. Furthermore, the customs union began in 2005 is not yet fully implemented with many reservations still in place at present. Also, boosting regional trade requires diversifying away from oil, which still accounts for 90 percent of export revenues (Hancock). PRO: The integration of the individual economies should be carefully managed so that the valuation of assets would not be unduly distorted. Measures have been initiated to interlink the countries’ stock markets in order to accommodate cross listing and trading of equities and other securities. The common currency also eliminates foreign exchange risk within the GCC area, because the need to convert from one currency to another would have been eliminated. CON: In the process of unification, financial assets which are denominated in national currencies should not suffer in valuation in the new currency. Financial asset valuation depends to an extent on the future return on investment in comparison with inflation, nominal interest rates, and foreign exchange rates (Al-Jasser & Al-Hamidy 116). The efforts to unify the customs and markets operations that began in 2003 to 2005 are still to be completed (Mohamed & Irandoust